Having a grasp of key data analysis concepts is becoming a challenge for more and more professionals. This knowledge is no longer exclusive to analysts or data scientists. The number of roles requiring data-driven decision-making is increasing, meaning that more leaders and employees need to understand these key concepts. In this article, we’ll walk you through 5 key concepts that will help you start better understanding the world of data analysis.
1. What’s the difference between structured and unstructured data?
This classification of data is pretty simple and relies on data structure. As for structured data, it must be organized into columns, and each column must have a header with clear information about what it contains.
A popular example for most professionals is the use of Excel spreadsheets, but SQL databases are also considered structured. Their format enables easy data handling.
Unstructured data, on the other hand, doesn’t follow this structure. It includes free text, images, videos, or audio in formats like Word, PNG, PDF, etc. It also includes social media comments and emails.
In terms of volume, unstructured data makes up 80% of business data, and analyzing it requires advanced tools. Some of these technologies include machine learning, natural language processing (NLP), and more.
As for their use, structured data is crucial for calculating concrete business figures like sales or transaction counts. Unstructured data is useful for qualitative analysis, such as opinions, social media sentiment, voice recordings, etc.
2. What is an ETL?
After learning the first of the key data analysis concepts, let’s move on to a well-known acronym: ETL. More than just a process that Extracts, Transforms, and Loads data into a defined destination, it’s important to understand its significance in the face of growing data volumes within companies.
When working with data, we need it to be available, high-quality, and non-redundant, all while saving time and avoiding human errors. You might relate if you’ve ever spent hours in Excel cleaning data it’s time-consuming and error-prone.
An ETL process is automated and scalable. It extracts data from different sources, transforms it, and then loads it into a data warehouse for analysis. Here’s a more detailed breakdown:
- Extract: Connects to data sources such as CRMs, ERPs, production systems, or APIs.
- Transform: After extraction, the cleaning and normalization process begins, ensuring data meets quality standards.
- Load: With clean and normalized data, the ETL loads it into data warehouses.
Once complete, the data is ready for use in business intelligence tools.
3. What is a dashboard used for?
You’ve likely seen a dashboard in result presentations or company reports. But beyond just presenting data, a dashboard helps track key metrics for your business or department.
A dashboard summarizes the most important information on one screen visually and clearly, using charts, tables, and other visual elements. It should have just the right amount of information — not too much — to make visual analysis effective.
A key feature of dashboards is that they can show historical data or real-time information. The latter is only possible with business intelligence platforms, like BI4Web, that connect to data sources in real-time.
Main advantages:
- Simplifies data: Turns large volumes of data into easy-to-understand visuals.
- Centralizes information: Monitor your KPIs all in one place.
- Supports quick decision-making: If something goes wrong, you’ll see it and can act immediately.
- Customizable: Different departments (like marketing or sales) can have their customized dashboards.
- Real-time updates: Ideal for making immediate adjustments.
Example: If you run an online store, your dashboard might show today’s sales, best-selling products, and the number of current website visitors.
4. KPI (Key Performance Indicator)
With that many metrics available, it can be overwhelming to focus on what matters. That’s why it’s crucial to define Key Performance Indicators (KPIs), metrics that help measure performance and the overall health of your company or department. They are essential tools for measuring the accomplishment of strategic objectives.
How to define this key data analysis concept effectively:
- They must be specific, measurable, and aligned with goals, for example, conversion rate, cost per acquisition, and customer satisfaction.
- Choose KPIs that align with your company’s strategy: It’s better to track 5 meaningful metrics than 100 irrelevant ones.
- You can complement structured data, such as sales volume, with unstructured data, like customer sentiment analysis.
- Use them daily for effective and proactive management.
5. What does it mean to be data-driven?
You’ve probably seen companies describe themselves as “data-driven,” but do you know what it truly means?
Essentially, a data-driven company makes decisions based on data rather than gut feelings or subjective opinions. It doesn’t mean human experience is irrelevant, but prioritizing data when making decisions provides better results.
In a data-driven organization, data analysis is the first place to turn when making any decision, regardless of scale.
To make this possible, the company must cultivate a data culture and ensure employees have access to dashboards, predictive analytics, and other business intelligence tools. It also requires collaboration between business users and technical teams, who form a powerful duo: business experts contribute domain knowledge, and technical teams bring data expertise.
In Summary: 5 Key Data Analysis Concepts Every Professional Should Know
- Structured vs. Unstructured Data: Structured data (like Excel) is organized and easy to analyze; unstructured data (like images or emails) is less organized but highly valuable.
- ETL (Extract, Transform, Load): The process that prepares data by cleaning and organizing it for analysis.
- Dashboard: A clear and visual screen that shows key data points using graphs and charts.
- KPI (Key Performance Indicator): Metrics that show whether goals are being achieved or not.
- Data-driven Decision Making: Using real data — not guesses — to make better business decisions.
We’re confident these concepts will help you better understand and make the most of the data analysis world. If you want to explore platforms like BI4Web, which make using data for decision-making incredibly easy, we suggest two things:
First, visit our free demo by clicking here.
Second, request a free trial so you can explore all the benefits of BI using your data.